@prefix xsd: . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix rdf: . a ; "PAUL-D3.7-V-1-2.pdf"; "LZo3cTd+OyvvFp+qjQrsQqIsF3PXn//oVZEij6vg0uM"^^xsd:base64Binary; ; ; "325901"^^xsd:long; "10.18160/7X5M-G3MP"; "Ground-based remote sensing approaches that determine total column average dry air mole fractions support the quantification of GHG emissions of large area sources such as cities (Chen et al., 2016). ICOS cities includes total-column sensor networks in the cities of Munich and Paris. In comparison to the state-of-the-art in-situ measurements, they are less sensitive to vertical redistribution of tracer mass, e.g., due to changes of the planetary boundary layer height, and also less influenced by nearby point sources. By placing these instruments upwind and downwind of an urban emission source (differential column measurements, DCM), the concentration gradients are relatively insensitive to surface fluxes upwind of the city and therefore provide a good indication for the urban emissions (Chen et al. 2016, Dietrich et al. 2021)."; "24-month quality-controlled CO2 and CO total column observations for 5 stations in Munich (FEL, GRA, OSH, TAU, TUM) and 3 stations in Paris (SAC, JUS, CDG)"; .